{"id":79930,"date":"2019-08-22T10:40:52","date_gmt":"2019-08-22T10:40:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muhiku.com\/blog\/?p=79930"},"modified":"2024-09-12T14:47:32","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T11:47:32","slug":"turk-kahvesi-nereden-gelmektedir","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muhiku.com\/blog\/turk-kahvesi-nereden-gelmektedir\/","title":{"rendered":"T\u00fcrk Kahvesi Nereden Gelmektedir?"},"content":{"rendered":"

Kahve bitkisi, k\u00f6kboyas\u0131giller ailesinde yer alan bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r. Kahve ise \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen kahve \u00e7ekirdeklerinden elde edilen i\u00e7eceklerin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r. D\u00fcnya genelinde yo\u011fun bir \u015fekilde t\u00fcketilir. O kadar fazla t\u00fcketilir ki sudan sonra en \u00e7ok t\u00fcketilen i\u00e7ecek oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Lezzetinin yan\u0131nda i\u00e7erdi\u011fi kafeinden \u00f6t\u00fcr\u00fc tercih edilmektedir. \u0130nsano\u011flu taraf\u0131ndan bin y\u0131ld\u0131r tar\u0131m\u0131 yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcm\u00fcz\u00fcn \u00f6nemli bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olan T\u00fcrk kahvesi nereden gelir<\/strong> sorusu da olduk\u00e7a merak edilen konular\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda gelir.<\/p>\n

Kahve genellikle g\u00fcney Amerika bitkisi olarak tan\u0131nmaktad\u0131r. Ancak kahve \u00fcretiminin ana vatan\u0131 Habe\u015fistan b\u00f6lgesi yani Etiyopya\u2019d\u0131r. Kahveni ad\u0131n\u0131 Kaffa \u015fehrinden ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilmektedir. Ba\u015fka bir rivayete g\u00f6re ise Arap\u00e7ada \u015farap anlam\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde ise kahvenin ana vatan\u0131 Etiyopya ve Kenya\u2019n\u0131n bulundu\u011fu orta ve bat\u0131 Afrika kabul edilmektedir.<\/p>\n

Kahvenin bulunmas\u0131nda ke\u00e7iler de \u00f6nemli rol oynam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Arabistan\u2019\u0131n g\u00fcneyinde yeti\u015ftirilmeye ba\u015flanan kahve b\u00f6lge halk\u0131nda kahve i\u00e7me al\u0131\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 olu\u015fturmu\u015ftur. 1517 y\u0131l\u0131nda ise Yemen valisi \u00d6zdemir pa\u015fa kahveyi \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirmi\u015ftir. Daha sonra cezvelerde pi\u015firilerek T\u00fcrk kahvesi ad\u0131n\u0131 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece T\u00fcrk kahvesi ad\u0131 nereden gelir sorusunu da yan\u0131tlam\u0131\u015f olduk.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk kahvesi nereden gelir sorusunu yan\u0131tlad\u0131k. Gelin hep birlikte Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’nin kahve ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 nas\u0131l ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmi\u015f bir bakal\u0131m.<\/p>\n

Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin Kahve ile Tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/h2>\n

Kahvenin Osmanl\u0131 Devleti’ne geli\u015f tarihi kesin olmamakla birlikte Yemen valisi \u00d6zdemir Pa\u015fan\u0131n 1517 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirdi\u011fi rivayet edilir. T\u00fcrkler kahveyi cezve ve g\u00fc\u011f\u00fcmlerde pi\u015firerek \u201cT\u00fcrk Kahvesi \u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kahvenin ilk zamanlar\u0131 \u00e7ok dar bir \u00e7evre taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilmekteydi. Kahve saray misafirlerine ikram edilen bir i\u00e7ecekti. \u00d6yle ki sunumu i\u00e7in \u00f6zel t\u00f6renler dahi d\u00fczenlenirdi.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrklerin kahveyi ke\u015ffi halk\u0131n sosyalle\u015fmesine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayarak \u00f6nemli bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr haline gelen kahvehanelerin \u00f6n\u00fcn\u00fc a\u00e7t\u0131. Kahvehaneler insanlar\u0131n dostlar\u0131 ile bulu\u015fup hal hat\u0131r sordu\u011fu sosyalle\u015fti\u011fi ve e\u011flendi\u011fi mekanlar haline geldi. Tarih\u00e7i Pe\u00e7evi \u0130brahim Efendi\u2019ye g\u00f6re \u0130stanbul\u2019un ilk kahvehaneleri Emin\u00f6n\u00fc\u2019nde M\u0131s\u0131r \u00c7ar\u015f\u0131s\u0131\u2019n\u0131n yan\u0131nda Tahtakale\u2019de a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenir.<\/strong> Bu kahvehanelerin ilk m\u00fc\u015fterileri ise b\u00fcrokrat s\u0131n\u0131f\u0131 olu\u015fturmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n

Kahvehaneler zamanla Osmanl\u0131 K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve toplum yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 etkilemi\u015ftir. 16. Ve 17. Y\u00fczy\u0131llarda s\u0131k s\u0131k kapat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunun nedeni olarak ise siyasi ve dini otoritenin kontrol\u00fc d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda olmalar\u0131 g\u00f6sterilmi\u015ftir. Bunu \u00f6nlemek isteyen saray kahvehaneleri s\u00fcrekli denetlemektedir. Ahalinin ve d\u00f6nemin ileri gelenlerinin bulu\u015fma noktas\u0131 haline gelen kahvehaneler halk\u0131 galeyana getiren dedikodular\u0131n ve memnuniyetsizliklerin dile getirildi\u011fi mekanlar olarak alg\u0131lanmaya ba\u015flanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Bunun ya\u015fanmas\u0131n\u0131n sebebi olarak farkl\u0131 stat\u00fcdeki insanlar\u0131n ayn\u0131 mekanda bulu\u015farak sosyal meseleleri konu\u015fmalar\u0131 etkili olmu\u015ftur. Bu durumun \u00f6n\u00fcne ge\u00e7mek i\u00e7in ilk yasak 3. Murat d\u00f6neminde gelmi\u015ftir. En a\u011f\u0131r yasaklar\u0131 ise 4. Murat uygulam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Kahvesinin Ke\u015ffi \u0130le \u0130lgili Anlat\u0131lan Di\u011fer Rivayetler<\/h2>\n

T\u00fcrk kahvesi nereden gelir konusu g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde de hala \u00e7ok merak edilen konulardan biridir. Bir rivayete g\u00f6re Fernand Braudel\u2019e g\u00f6re Osmanl\u0131 kahve ile ilk kez 1511 y\u0131l\u0131nda tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Gelibolulu Ali Mustafa Efendi\u2019ye g\u00f6re Halepli Hakem(Hekim) ve \u015eaml\u0131 \u015eems ad\u0131nda iki ki\u015finin \u0130stanbul\u2019a gelerek Tahtakale\u2019de d\u00fckkan kiralay\u0131p kahve satmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na dayan\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Kahvesi K\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc ve Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Derne\u011fi\u2019ne g\u00f6re kahve 15. Y\u00fczy\u0131ldan itibaren Yemen\u2019den ba\u015flayarak Arap Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda kavrulup bir i\u00e7ecek haline gelmi\u015ftir. 16. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda M\u0131s\u0131r ve Arap co\u011frafyas\u0131nda yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Osmanl\u0131\u2019n\u0131n Yemen valisi \u00d6zdemir Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n getirdi\u011fi kahve ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 rivayet edilse de ilk kahvehaneler 1554 y\u0131l\u0131nda Tahtakale de a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk adetleri ile b\u00fct\u00fcnle\u015fen kahve son hali olarak T\u00fcrk Kahvesi\u2019ne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n kahve ile tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 ise Venedik\u2019te 1615, Londra\u2019da 1654, 2. Viyana ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan ise Viyana 1683\u2019te kahve ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131ndan 18. Y\u00fczy\u0131lda Bat\u0131 Hint Adalar\u0131, Asya ve G\u00fcney Amerika kahve ile tan\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Katip \u00c7elebiye g\u00f6re ise 1543 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130stanbul ahalisinin kahve ile tan\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yemen diyar\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131k\u0131p t\u00fct\u00fcn gibi d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 rivayet eder. Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar ise kahvenin bilinirli\u011fini 13. Y\u00fczy\u0131la dayand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Bu iddialar\u0131n\u0131 Mevlana\u2019n\u0131n Divan\u0131 Kebir\u2019deki \u201cDevletimiz ge\u00e7im devleti, kahvemiz ar\u015ftan gelmede, meclise badem helvas\u0131 d\u00f6k\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, sa\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f\u201d dizeleri ile desteklemektedir. Orta \u00e7a\u011f Arap leksikograflar\u0131 ise kagwah kelimesinin bir \u00e7e\u015fit \u015farap anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fini belirmi\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n

Zaman\u0131, mekan\u0131 kayna\u011f\u0131 kesin olmasa da kahvenin ilk olarak yemenden \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ard\u0131ndan Cidde’ye, S\u00fcvey\u015f’e, M\u0131s\u0131ra ve ard\u0131ndan da \u0130stanbul\u2019a getirildi\u011fi \u0130zmir, Selanik, Antalya gibi Osmanl\u0131 \u015fehirlerine de yay\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenebilir. Gemilerle bin bir zahmetlerle rutubetten korunarak k\u00fcpler i\u00e7inde payitahta getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

Kahvenin Avrupa Taraf\u0131ndan Ke\u015fif Ser\u00fcveni<\/h2>\n

Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n 1669 da Frans\u0131z el\u00e7isi Kolba\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcteferrika S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa idi. Avrupa ilk kez bir Osmanl\u0131 erke\u011fi ile tan\u0131\u015fma f\u0131rsat\u0131 yakalam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcper g\u00fc\u00e7 olmas\u0131 insanlar\u0131n S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa\u2019ya benzemek i\u00e7in birbiri ile yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na neden oldu. Fransa kral\u0131 14. Louis bile S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa\u2019n\u0131n onuruna davetler d\u00fczenledi. Kimileri taraf\u0131ndan d\u00fczenlenen bu davetler onur k\u0131r\u0131c\u0131 olarak alg\u0131land\u0131. Bu durum Moliere taraf\u0131ndan \u201cKibarl\u0131k Budalas\u0131<\/strong>\u201d adl\u0131 kitab\u0131nda anlat\u0131lmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

B\u00f6ylece S\u00fcleyman A\u011fa\u2019y\u0131 \u00f6rnek alan Avrupal\u0131lar kahve ile tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n ilk kahvehanesi ise Leh Yahudisi Kolschitzky taraf\u0131ndan a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131r. Viyana ku\u015fatmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan Osmanl\u0131n\u0131n b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ganimetler aras\u0131nda deve yemi san\u0131lan kahveler Kolschitzky taraf\u0131ndan sat\u0131n al\u0131n\u0131r. B\u00f6ylece Viyana’n\u0131n yerel kahvesi olan Melange kahvesini bulur ve \u015fehirdeki ilk kahvehaneyi faaliyete ge\u00e7irir.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk Kahvesi Gelene\u011fi<\/p>\n

T\u00fcrk kahvesi ve gelene\u011fi, Unesco taraf\u0131ndan insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n somut olmayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras\u0131 listesine al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. K\u00fclt\u00fcr ve Turizm Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n Unesco\u2019ya 2013 y\u0131l\u0131 Mart ay\u0131nda sundu\u011fu adayl\u0131k dosyas\u0131 kabul edilmi\u015ftir. T\u00fcrk kahvesi somut olmayan k\u00fclt\u00fcrel miras listesinde on birinci kay\u0131tl\u0131 miras olarak yerini ald\u0131.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya Kahveleri Kap\u0131n\u0131za Gelsin!<\/h2>\n

Siz de\u00a0Etiyopya (Ethiopia) Sidamo kahvesini tatmak isterseniz Muhiku hediye kutular\u0131 aras\u0131nda bulunan \u201cD\u00fcnya Kahveleri Kutusu\u201d nu ke\u015ffedin. D\u00fcnya kahveleri kutusu size ve sevdiklerinize d\u00fcnyan\u0131n 5 farkl\u0131 \u00fclkesinden kahveler sunar. Ethiopia Sidamo, Nikaragua, Kenya, Honduras, Colombia kahveleri ile enfes bir kahve tad\u0131m deneyimi ya\u015fayabilirsiniz. Her bir paket 50 gramd\u0131r. Kargoya verilmeden \u00f6nce sizler i\u00e7in taze \u00e7ekilmektedir. Kullan\u0131m \u00f6mr\u00fc paket a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131ktan itibaren 12 ayd\u0131r. Serin ve kuru yerde saklanmas\u0131n\u0131 tavsiye ediyoruz.<\/p>\n

Afiyet Olsun! \"?\"<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"Kahve bitkisi, k\u00f6kboyas\u0131giller ailesinde yer alan bir a\u011fa\u00e7t\u0131r. Kahve ise \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen kahve \u00e7ekirdeklerinden elde edilen i\u00e7eceklerin genel ad\u0131d\u0131r.…\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":87427,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[167],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nT\u00fcrk Kahvesi Nereden Gelmektedir? - Muhiku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"T\u00fcrk kahvesi nereden gelir? 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