{"id":78459,"date":"2021-01-10T09:40:59","date_gmt":"2021-01-10T06:40:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/muhiku.com\/blog\/?p=78459"},"modified":"2024-09-12T18:32:23","modified_gmt":"2024-09-12T15:32:23","slug":"dunya-turkiye-cay-uretimi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/muhiku.com\/blog\/dunya-turkiye-cay-uretimi\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi \u0130statistikleri"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c7ay \u00fcretimi<\/strong> \u00c7in’in ke\u015ffiyle y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7in’den d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan bu lezzet elveri\u015fli iklimlerde ve topraklarda yeti\u015fme imkan\u0131 buldu. Bug\u00fcn ba\u015fta \u00c7in olmak \u00fczere pek \u00e7ok devlet \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde s\u00f6z sahibi. \u00dclkemiz de \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi yapan \u00fclkelerden biri.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay denince bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun akl\u0131na simit veya kahvalt\u0131 sofras\u0131 gelebilir. Baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z tatl\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131nda severken baz\u0131lar\u0131m\u0131z yemek sonras\u0131 sever. Hayat\u0131m\u0131zda \u00f6nemli yeri olan \u00e7ay\u0131n kendine has bir tarihi ve bir\u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fidi bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay, d\u00fcnya k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r vazge\u00e7emedi\u011fi ender bitkilerden biridir. \u00c7ay bitkisinin yapraklar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fledikten sonra haz\u0131rlanan i\u00e7ece\u011fin ad\u0131na \u00e7ay denmi\u015ftir. \u00c7ay\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131 ise \u00c7inli h\u00fck\u00fcmdar Shen Nung ve Confucius ile olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n

T\u00fcketim alan\u0131 o kadar geni\u015f alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r ki d\u00fcnyan\u0131n hemen her yerinden insanlar ister s\u0131cak ister so\u011fuk i\u00e7im olarak \u00e7ay\u0131 t\u00fcketebilmektedir.\u00a0<\/strong>\u00c7e\u015fitli istatistiklere g\u00f6re \u00e7ay t\u00fcketiminde orta do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri ve baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin ba\u015fta geldi\u011fi g\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. Peki t\u00fcketimi bu kadar \u00e7ok olan \u00e7ay d\u00fcnyada en \u00e7ok nerede yeti\u015fir? En \u00e7ok \u00e7ay \u00fcreten \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde ka\u00e7\u0131nc\u0131 s\u0131rada?<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi<\/h2>\n

\"cay-uretimi\"<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay, d\u00fcnya tarihinde; farkl\u0131 d\u00f6nemlerde, farkl\u0131 co\u011frafyalarda ve farkl\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde farkl\u0131 anlamlar kazanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde -\u00f6zellikle \u00fclkemizde- insanlar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezidir. \u00c7ay\u0131n haz\u0131rlan\u0131\u015f\u0131 i\u00e7eri\u011fini olu\u015fturan baharatlara ve di\u011fer katk\u0131 maddelerine g\u00f6re k\u00fclt\u00fcrden k\u00fclt\u00fcre de\u011fi\u015fiklik g\u00f6stermektedir. \u00d6rne\u011fin; \u00e7ay baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde i\u00e7ine s\u00fct kat\u0131larak i\u00e7ilirken baz\u0131 \u00fclkelerde s\u00fct kat\u0131lmadan i\u00e7ilir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay bitkisi baz\u0131 kategorilere ayr\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. En yayg\u0131n olan \u00e7ay t\u00fcrleri aras\u0131nda ye\u015fil \u00e7ay, beyaz \u00e7ay, oolong \u00e7ay\u0131, siyah \u00e7ay, puerh \u00e7ay\u0131 ve fermante \u00e7aylar yer almaktad\u0131r. Ayr\u0131ca kategorilerine ayr\u0131lan \u00e7aylar, \u00e7ay\u0131n oksitlenme oran\u0131na g\u00f6re birbirinden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n

G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde \u00e7ay bitkisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda farkl\u0131 bitkilerden de \u00e7ay yap\u0131labilmektedir. Bunlar \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli olmakla birlikte kimisinin uyku bozukluklar\u0131na iyi geldi\u011fi, kimisinin mide rahats\u0131zl\u0131klar\u0131na iyi geldi\u011fi bilinmektedir. Ayr\u0131ca bir k\u0131sm\u0131 rahatlama etkisi yarat\u0131rken bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n da yorgunlu\u011fu ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7e\u015fitli uzmanlar taraf\u0131ndan s\u00f6ylenmektedir.<\/p>\n

Bug\u00fcn aromal\u0131 \u00e7aylar olarak da bilinen ve \u00e7ay bitkisinin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda \u00e7e\u015fitli bitki ve meyvelerden yap\u0131lan \u00e7aylar mevcuttur. Bunlardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 melisa \u00e7ay\u0131,papatya \u00e7ay\u0131, nar \u00e7ay\u0131, kiraz \u00e7ay\u0131 gibi \u00e7ay \u00e7e\u015fitleridir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7ay \u00fcretimi do\u011frudan b\u00f6lgenin iklimine ve topra\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Belli s\u0131cakl\u0131klar aras\u0131nda ve belli bir oranda ya\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131n y\u0131l\u0131n t\u00fcm aylar\u0131nda d\u00fczenli olmas\u0131 ve nem oranlar\u0131n\u0131n da ortalaman\u0131n \u00fczerinde olmas\u0131 \u00e7ay bitkisinin yeti\u015ftirilmesinde \u00e7ok \u00f6nemli fakt\u00f6rlerdir. \u00dclkeler y\u0131llar ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in kullan\u0131lan arazileri b\u00fcy\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00e7ay \u00fcretilen alanlar geni\u015fletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerde \u00e7ay\u0131n sa\u011fl\u0131k, huzur ve mutluluk getirdi\u011fine inan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Bu sebeple \u00fclkeler ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7ta \u00e7ay \u00fcretimini kendi ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in yapmaktayd\u0131. Do\u011fu k\u00fclt\u00fcrlerinin y\u00fczy\u0131llard\u0131r \u00e7ay\u0131n etkilerine inan\u0131yorlar. Fakat bat\u0131 k\u00fclt\u00fcrleri birka\u00e7 y\u00fczy\u0131ld\u0131r \u00e7ay\u0131n faydalar\u0131yla ilgilenmeye ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

\u00c7e\u015fitli t\u00fcrleri t\u00fcketilen \u00e7ay\u0131n, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde baz\u0131 bilim adamlar\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u00f6ne s\u00fcr\u00fclen faydalar\u0131 aras\u0131nda zay\u0131flama, kolestrol kontrol\u00fcne kar\u015f\u0131 olumlu etkileri ve baz\u0131 ciddi hastal\u0131klarda \u00e7ay, engelleyici \u00f6zelliklere sahiptir. Sa\u011fl\u0131k sekt\u00f6r\u00fcn\u00fcn de ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 haline gelen \u00e7ay\u0131n, \u00fcretimine \u00fclkeler art\u0131k daha \u00e7ok \u00f6nem vermektedir. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ay piyasas\u0131na yeni \u00fcr\u00fcnlerin girmesi de farkl\u0131 \u00e7ay t\u00fcrlerinin t\u00fcketimini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

D\u00fcnya \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi \u0130statistikleri<\/h3>\n

\u00c7ay t\u00fcketiminde Ortado\u011fu ve baz\u0131 Avrupa \u00fclkeleri ba\u015f\u0131 \u00e7ekse de \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminin en fazla oldu\u011fu \u00fclkelerin ba\u015f\u0131nda do\u011fu \u00fclkeleri yer almaktad\u0131r. 2022 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan istatistik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 yak\u0131n zamanda a\u00e7\u0131kland\u0131. 2023 y\u0131l\u0131nda yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re; \u00c7in d\u00fcnya \u00e7ay \u00fcretimine en \u00e7ok katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fclkedir. \u00c7in\u2019i takip eden \u00fclke Hindistan ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer alan \u00fclke de Kenya’d\u0131r.<\/p>\n

Yap\u0131lan a\u00e7\u0131klamalara g\u00f6re d\u00fcnya \u00e7ay \u00fcretim oranlar\u0131 \u015fu \u015fekildedir;<\/p>\n

    \n
  • \u00c7in 2,5 milyon ton ile birinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
  • Hindistan 628 bin ton ile ikinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
  • Kenya 269 bin ton ile \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Bu \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Sri Lanka, Vietnam, Endonezya ve T\u00fcrkiye’de \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminde \u00f6nemli bir yere sahiptir. 2019 y\u0131l\u0131nda d\u00fcnya \u00e7ay ihracat\u0131n\u0131n %55’i \u00c7in, Hindistan ve Kenya taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u0130hracatta Kenya \u00c7in’i ve Hindistan’\u0131 ge\u00e7erek 476 bin ton ile lider konumuna y\u00fckselmi\u015ftir. \u00c7in 368 bin ton ile d\u00fcnya \u00e7ay ihracat\u0131nda ikinci s\u0131rada yer al\u0131yor. D\u00fcnya \u00e7ay ihracat\u0131na ve ithalat\u0131na dair s\u0131ralamay\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131da sizinle payla\u015ft\u0131k.<\/p>\n

    D\u00fcnya \u00e7ay ihracat\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

      \n
    • Kenya 23,6’l\u0131k pay\u0131yla birinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
    • \u00c7in 18,2’lik pay\u0131yla ikinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
    • Hindistan 12,8’lik pay\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
    • Sri Lanka %9’luk pay\u0131yla d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
    • Vietnam 6,7’lik pay\u0131yla be\u015finci s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      D\u00fcnya \u00e7ay ithalat\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

        \n
      • Pakistan 11,2’lik oranla birinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
      • Rusya Federasyonu 8,2’lik oranla ikinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
      • ABD 6,4’l\u00fck oranla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
      • M\u0131s\u0131r 5,9’luk oranla d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
      • \u0130ngiltere 6,7’lik oranla be\u015finci s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi Tarihi ve \u0130statistikleri<\/h2>\n

        \"turk-cayi-siyah-cay\"<\/p>\n

        Do\u011fuda yayg\u0131n olan \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi Avrupal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7ayla tan\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan sonra d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye\u2019de \u00e7ay bitkisini yeti\u015ftirme giri\u015fimini ilk 1988\u2019de yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7in\u2019den \u00e7ay fideleri ve \u00e7ay tohumlar\u0131 getirilmi\u015ftir. Bu fideler ilk olarak Bursa\u2019da yeti\u015ftirilmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Fakat ilk denemeler ne yaz\u0131k ki h\u00fcsranla sonu\u00e7lanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        Daha sonra yap\u0131lan \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarla birlikte Karadeniz\u2019in do\u011fusunda \u00e7ay bitkisi i\u00e7in elveri\u015fli bir iklim oldu\u011fu saptanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Birinci D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131’ndan sonra da \u00fclkedeki istihdam sorununa istinaden \u00e7ay, f\u0131nd\u0131k ve narenciye yeti\u015ftirilmesine y\u00f6nelik 407 say\u0131l\u0131 kanun kabul edilmi\u015ftir. B\u00f6ylece \u00e7ay bitkisinin T\u00fcrkiye\u2019deki ser\u00fcveni ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n

        T\u00fcrkiye’ \u00e7ay \u00fcretimi Do\u011fu Karadeniz B\u00f6lgesi’nde yap\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Buradaki \u00fcretim pay\u0131 illere da\u011f\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Rize bu \u00fcretimde pay\u0131 \u00e7ekmektedir. T\u00fcrkiye \u00e7ay \u00fcretiminin illere g\u00f6re da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131nda;<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Rize 67,17’lik pay\u0131yla ilk s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
        • Trabzon 19,12’lik pay\u0131yla ikinci s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
        • Artvin 11,63’l\u00fck pay\u0131yla \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada,<\/li>\n
        • Giresun 2,8’lik pay\u0131yla d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc s\u0131rada yer almaktad\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          2018-2019 d\u00f6neminde \u00e7ay t\u00fcketim miktar\u0131m\u0131z 1,3 milyon tona ula\u015farak %9,7 oran\u0131nda art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi. \u00c7ay \u00fcretimimizin kendine yeterlilik derecesi de \u00f6nceki d\u00f6neme g\u00f6re %96,8’e y\u00fckseldi. D\u0131\u015f ticaret oranlar\u0131na bakacak olursak;<\/p>\n

            \n
          • \u00dcretimimizin 4 bin 211 tonu ihra\u00e7 edilmektedir.<\/li>\n
          • 18 bin 216 ton \u00e7ay\u0131 ise d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan ithal etmekteyiz.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

            T\u00fcrkiyenin d\u0131\u015f ticaretini yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00e7aylar fermente edilmi\u015f siyah \u00e7aydan ve fermente edilmemi\u015f ye\u015fil \u00e7aydan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Fakat d\u0131\u015f ticaretin tamam\u0131na yak\u0131n\u0131s\u0131 ise fermente edilmi\u015f siyah \u00e7aydan olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n

            Bug\u00fcn pek \u00e7ok firma \u00e7ay\u0131n pazarlamas\u0131n\u0131 yapmaktad\u0131r. Fakat \u00e7ay \u00fcreten pop\u00fcler firmalar aras\u0131nda Mithra Coffee & Tea Co. y\u0131ld\u0131z\u0131 parlayan isimlerden bir tanesidir.<\/p>\n

            Muhiku En \u00d6zel D\u00fcnya \u00c7aylar\u0131n\u0131 Sizinle Bulu\u015fturuyor!<\/h2>\n

            \"cay-seven-birine-hediye\"<\/p>\n

            Biliyoruz ki \u00e7ay k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc hen\u00fcz kahve kadar yayg\u0131nla\u015fm\u0131\u015f de\u011fil ancak bir\u00e7o\u011fumuzun hayat\u0131n\u0131n vazge\u00e7ilmezi olmu\u015f durumda. Gerek \u00e7ay tutkunu olan size gerek sevdiklerinize harika bir haberimiz var! Muhiku olarak, kimi zaman Bat\u0131 Avrupa k\u0131y\u0131lar\u0131nda kimi zaman ise Afrika’n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6llerinde kendinizi bulurken Asya’n\u0131n e\u015fsiz manzaras\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 derin bir nefes al\u0131r gibi huzurla dolman\u0131z\u0131 sa\u011flayacak.<\/p>\n

            D\u00fcnyan\u0131n d\u00f6rt bir yan\u0131ndan \u00f6zenle se\u00e7ilmi\u015f d\u00fcnya \u00e7aylar\u0131n\u0131 sizinle bulu\u015fturuyoruz! \u00c7ay tutkunu sevdikleriniz i\u00e7in tasarlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m\u0131z kutularda geleneksel hediyelerden s\u0131yr\u0131l\u0131p onlar\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131n farkl\u0131 alanlar\u0131na dokunup kendilerini \u00f6zel hissedecekleri yenilik\u00e7i \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler geli\u015ftirdik. Muhiku ile bug\u00fcne kadar \u00f6zel g\u00fcnlerde tercih etti\u011finiz hediye se\u00e7eneklerinden s\u0131yr\u0131larak sevdiklerinize harika bir D\u00fcnya \u00c7aylar\u0131 Kutusu hediye edebilirsiniz.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c7ay \u00fcretimi \u00c7in’in ke\u015ffiyle y\u00fczy\u0131llar \u00f6nce ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00c7in’den d\u00fcnyaya yay\u0131lan bu lezzet elveri\u015fli iklimlerde ve topraklarda yeti\u015fme imkan\u0131…\n","protected":false},"author":25,"featured_media":86112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[106],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi \u0130statistikleri - Muhiku<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u00c7ay \u00fcretimi do\u011frudan b\u00f6lgenin iklimine ve topra\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. Yap\u0131lan istatistik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131ndaki verilere g\u00f6re; d\u00fcnya \u00e7ay \u00fcretimine en \u00e7ok katk\u0131 sa\u011flayan \u00fclke 2 milyon ton ile \u00c7in Halk Cumhuriyeti\u2019dir.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/muhiku.com\/blog\/dunya-turkiye-cay-uretimi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00fcnya ve T\u00fcrkiye \u00c7ay \u00dcretimi \u0130statistikleri - Muhiku\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u00c7ay \u00fcretimi do\u011frudan b\u00f6lgenin iklimine ve topra\u011f\u0131na ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r. 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